Colon cancer, also known as colorectal cancer, is a malignant tumor that develops in the colon or rectum. It arises from the inner lining of the large intestine and can spread to other parts of the body if left untreated. The main risk factors for colon cancer include age, family history, and certain genetic conditions. The progression of colon cancer typically begins with the formation of polyps, which are abnormal growths in the colon. Over time, these polyps can become cancerous and invade surrounding tissues. Symptoms of colon cancer may include changes in bowel habits, blood in the stool, abdominal pain, and unexplained weight loss. Diagnosis of colon cancer is usually made through a combination of imaging tests, such as colonoscopy and CT scans, and biopsy of suspicious tissue. Treatment options for colon cancer depend on the stage of the disease and may include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. Early detection and treatment of colon cancer are crucial for improving outcomes and reducing mortality rates. Screening tests, such as colonoscopies, are recommended for individuals over the age of 50 or those with a family history of the disease. Regular screenings can help detect colon cancer in its early stages when it is most treatable.